Isotope: Unterschied zwischen den Versionen

Aktuelle Version vom 28. September 2013, 22:50 Uhr

Isotope
vernetzte Artikel
Atombau		Radioaktivität

Isotope (griech. isos = gleich; topos = der Ort) sind alle Atomarten (= Nuklide) eines Elementes, die sich durch die Anzahl der Neutronen im Kern unterscheiden. Hierdurch ergeben sich bei identischen Ordnungszahlen unterschiedliche Massenzahlen.

Zur Unterscheidung werden Isotope entsprechend dieser Massenzahl benannt, z. B. für das Element Kohlenstoff „C-12“ (sprich: "C-zwölf") oder „C-14“. Die alternative Schreibweise dieser Isotope lautet: ¹²C bzw. ¹⁴C usw.

Im Chemiebuch ...
findest Du weitere Informationen zum Thema Isotope:
Chemie FOS-T auf Seite 8	Chemie heute auf Seite 16	Elemente Chemie auf Seite 17

Üblicherweise werden stabile und instabile (= radioaktive) Isotope unterschieden. Radioaktive Isotope zerfallen mit einer charakteristischen Halbwertszeit.

@@ Zeile 1: / Zeile 1: @@
+{{navi|Atombau|Radioaktivität}}
 '''Isotope''' (griech. ''isos'' = gleich; ''topos'' = der Ort) sind alle Atomarten (= [[Nuklide]]) eines [[PSE|Elementes]], die sich durch die Anzahl der Neutronen im Kern unterscheiden. Hierdurch ergeben sich bei identischen [[Ordnungszahl]]en unterschiedliche Massenzahlen.
 Zur Unterscheidung werden Isotope entsprechend dieser Massenzahl benannt, z. B. für
 das Element [[Kohlenstoff]] „C-12“ (sprich: "C-zwölf") oder „C-14“. Die alternative Schreibweise dieser Isotope lautet: <sup>12</sup>C bzw. <sup>14</sup>C usw.
-*[[Media:Isotope.pdf|Übung 1: Arbeitsblatt "Isotope"]], [http://www.mathe-schule.de/download/pdf/Physik/Nuklidaufbau_Aufgaben.pdf erweiterte Fassung]
+{{cb|8|16|17}}
+Üblicherweise werden stabile und instabile (= [[radioaktiv]]e) Isotope unterschieden. [[Radioaktiv]]e Isotope zerfallen mit einer charakteristischen [[Halbwertszeit]].
+*[[Media:Isotope_AB.pdf|Übung 1: Arbeitsblatt "Isotope"]] und [[Media:Isotope2009.pdf|Lösungen]], [http://www.mathe-schule.de/download/pdf/Physik/Nuklidaufbau_Aufgaben.pdf erweiterte Fassung]
 *Übung 2. Wie lassen sich die gebrochenen Massenzahlen der [[PSE|Elemente im PSE]] erklären?<br>Berechne hierzu aus der [[Isotope#Chlor|Isotopenverteilung]] die Atommasse für das Element [[Chlor]].<br>[http://www.roro-seiten.de/physik/kerne/isotopie.html Lösung]
@@ Zeile 9: / Zeile 13: @@
 * Altersbestimmung durch die [[Radiocarbonmethode]]
 * Ernährung: [[Isotopenanalyse]]
+* [[Kernenergie]]
 * [http://www2.chemie.uni-erlangen.de/projects/vsc/chemie-mediziner-neu/atombau/radioaktiv_medizin.html Radioaktive Isotope in der Medizin]
@@ Zeile 17: / Zeile 22: @@
 ! Isotop !! natürliche Häufigkeit !! [[Halbwertszeit]] !! Herkunft, techn. Bedeutung
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=H-1 <sub>1</sub>H] || 99,9885 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=H-1 <sup>1</sup>H] || 99,9885 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=H-2 <sub>2</sub>H] || 0,0115 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=H-2 <sup>2</sup>H] || 0,0115 % || stabil || "D", "Deuterium"
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=H-3 <sub>3</sub>H] || - % || 12,3 Jahre || [[radioaktiv]], kosmogen, Kernwaffenfallout, Leuchtfarben, Kerntechnik
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=H-3 <sup>3</sup>H] || - % || 12,3 Jahre || "T", "Tritium", [[radioaktiv]], kosmogen, Kernwaffenfallout, Leuchtfarben, Kerntechnik
   |-
   |}
 * [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=H alle bekannten Wasserstoff-Isotope]
 === [[Helium]] ===
 {| {{tabelle}}
 ! Isotop !! natürliche Häufigkeit !! [[Halbwertszeit]] !! Herkunft, techn. Bedeutung
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=He-3 <sub>3</sub>He] || 0,000137 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=He-3 <sup>3</sup>He] || 0,000137 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=He-4 <sub>4</sub>He] || 99,999863 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=He-4 <sup>4</sup>He] || 99,999863 % || stabil ||
   |-
   |}
@@ Zeile 39: / Zeile 45: @@
 ! Isotop !! natürliche Häufigkeit !! [[Halbwertszeit]] !! Herkunft, techn. Bedeutung
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Li-6 <sub>6</sub>Li] || 7,59 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Li-6 <sup>6</sup>Li] || 7,59 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Li-7 <sub>7</sub>Li] || 92,41 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Li-7 <sup>7</sup>Li] || 92,41 % || stabil ||
   |-
   |}
@@ Zeile 49: / Zeile 55: @@
 ! Isotop !! natürliche Häufigkeit !! [[Halbwertszeit]] !! Herkunft, techn. Bedeutung
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Be-7 <sub>7</sub>Be] || - % || 53 Tage || [[radioaktiv]], kosmogen
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Be-7 <sup>7</sup>Be] || - % || 53 Tage || [[radioaktiv]], kosmogen
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Be-9 <sub>9</sub>Be] || 100 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Be-9 <sup>9</sup>Be] || 100 % || stabil ||
   |-
   |}
@@ Zeile 59: / Zeile 65: @@
 ! Isotop !! natürliche Häufigkeit !! [[Halbwertszeit]] !! Herkunft, techn. Bedeutung
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=B-10 <sub>10</sub>B] || 19,9 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=B-10 <sup>10</sup>B] || 19,9 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=B-11 <sub>11</sub>B] || 80,1 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=B-11 <sup>11</sup>B] || 80,1 % || stabil ||
   |-
   |}
@@ Zeile 69: / Zeile 75: @@
 ! Isotop !! natürliche Häufigkeit !! [[Halbwertszeit]] !! Herkunft, techn. Bedeutung
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=C-12 <sub>12</sub>C] || 98,93 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=C-12 <sup>12</sup>C] || 98,93 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=C-13 <sub>13</sub>C] || 1,07 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=C-13 <sup>13</sup>C] || 1,07 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=C-14 <sub>14</sub>C] || - % || 5730 Jahre || [[radioaktiv]], kosmogen, Kerntechnik, Medizin, [[Radiocarbonmethode]]
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=C-14 <sup>14</sup>C] || - % || 5.730 Jahre || [[radioaktiv]], kosmogen, Kerntechnik, Medizin, [[Radiocarbonmethode]]
   |-
   |}
 * [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=C alle bekannten Kohlenstoff-Isotope]
 === [[Stickstoff]] ===
 {| {{tabelle}}
 ! Isotop !! natürliche Häufigkeit !! [[Halbwertszeit]] !! Herkunft, techn. Bedeutung
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=N-14 <sub>14</sub>N] || 99,632 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=N-14 <sup>14</sup>N] || 99,632 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=N-15 <sub>15</sub>N] || 0,368 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=N-15 <sup>15</sup>N] || 0,368 % || stabil ||
   |-
   |}
@@ Zeile 91: / Zeile 98: @@
 ! Isotop !! natürliche Häufigkeit !! [[Halbwertszeit]] !! Herkunft, techn. Bedeutung
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=O-16 <sub>16</sub>O] || 99,757 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=O-16 <sup>16</sup>O] || 99,757 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=O-17 <sub>17</sub>O] || 0,038 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=O-17 <sup>17</sup>O] || 0,038 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=O-18 <sub>18</sub>O] || 0,205 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=O-18 <sup>18</sup>O] || 0,205 % || stabil ||
   |-
   |}
@@ Zeile 103: / Zeile 110: @@
 ! Isotop !! natürliche Häufigkeit !! [[Halbwertszeit]] !! Herkunft, techn. Bedeutung
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=F-19 <sub>19</sub>F] || 100 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=F-19 <sup>19</sup>F] || 100 % || stabil ||
   |-
   |}
@@ Zeile 111: / Zeile 118: @@
 ! Isotop !! natürliche Häufigkeit !! [[Halbwertszeit]] !! Herkunft, techn. Bedeutung
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Ne-20 <sub>20</sub>Ne] || 90,48 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Ne-20 <sup>20</sup>Ne] || 90,48 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Ne-21 <sub>21</sub>Ne] || 0,27 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Ne-21 <sup>21</sup>Ne] || 0,27 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Ne-22 <sub>22</sub>Ne] || 9,25 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Ne-22 <sup>22</sup>Ne] || 9,25 % || stabil ||
   |-
   |}
@@ Zeile 123: / Zeile 130: @@
 ! Isotop !! natürliche Häufigkeit !! [[Halbwertszeit]] !! Herkunft, techn. Bedeutung
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Na-22 <sub>22</sub>Na] || - % || 2,6 Jahre || [[radioaktiv]], kosmogen
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Na-22 <sup>22</sup>Na] || - % || 2,6 Jahre || [[radioaktiv]], kosmogen
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Na-23 <sub>23</sub>Na] || 100 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Na-23 <sup>23</sup>Na] || 100 % || stabil ||
   |-
   |}
@@ Zeile 133: / Zeile 140: @@
 ! Isotop !! natürliche Häufigkeit !! [[Halbwertszeit]] !! Herkunft, techn. Bedeutung
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Mg-24 <sub>24</sub>Mg] || 78,99 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Mg-24 <sup>24</sup>Mg] || 78,99 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Mg-25 <sub>25</sub>Mg] || 10 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Mg-25 <sup>25</sup>Mg] || 10 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Mg-26 <sub>26</sub>Mg] || 11,01 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Mg-26 <sup>26</sup>Mg] || 11,01 % || stabil ||
   |-
   |}
@@ Zeile 145: / Zeile 152: @@
 ! Isotop !! natürliche Häufigkeit !! [[Halbwertszeit]] !! Herkunft, techn. Bedeutung
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Al-27 <sub>27</sub>Al] || 100 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Al-27 <sup>27</sup>Al] || 100 % || stabil ||
   |-
   |}
@@ Zeile 153: / Zeile 160: @@
 ! Isotop !! natürliche Häufigkeit !! [[Halbwertszeit]] !! Herkunft, techn. Bedeutung
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Si-28 <sub>28</sub>Si] || 92,2297 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Si-28 <sup>28</sup>Si] || 92,2297 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Si-29 <sub>29</sub>Si] || 4,6832 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Si-29 <sup>29</sup>Si] || 4,6832 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Si-30 <sub>30</sub>Si] || 3,0872 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Si-30 <sup>30</sup>Si] || 3,0872 % || stabil ||
   |-
   |}
@@ Zeile 165: / Zeile 172: @@
 ! Isotop !! natürliche Häufigkeit !! [[Halbwertszeit]] !! Herkunft, techn. Bedeutung
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=P-31 <sub>31</sub>P] || 100 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=P-31 <sup>31</sup>P] || 100 % || stabil ||
   |-
   |}
@@ Zeile 173: / Zeile 180: @@
 ! Isotop !! natürliche Häufigkeit !! [[Halbwertszeit]] !! Herkunft, techn. Bedeutung
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=S-32 <sub>32</sub>S] || 94,93 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=S-32 <sup>32</sup>S] || 94,93 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=S-33 <sub>33</sub>S] || 0,76 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=S-33 <sup>33</sup>S] || 0,76 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=S-34 <sub>34</sub>S] || 4,29 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=S-34 <sup>34</sup>S] || 4,29 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=S-36 <sub>36</sub>S] || 0,02 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=S-36 <sup>36</sup>S] || 0,02 % || stabil ||
   |-
   |}
@@ Zeile 187: / Zeile 194: @@
 ! Isotop !! natürliche Häufigkeit !! [[Halbwertszeit]] !! Herkunft, techn. Bedeutung
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Cl-35 <sub>35</sub>Cl] || 75,78 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Cl-35 <sup>35</sup>Cl] || 75,78 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Cl-37 <sub>37</sub>Cl] || 24,22 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Cl-37 <sup>37</sup>Cl] || 24,22 % || stabil ||
   |-
   |}
@@ Zeile 197: / Zeile 204: @@
 ! Isotop !! natürliche Häufigkeit !! [[Halbwertszeit]] !! Herkunft, techn. Bedeutung
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Ar-36 <sub>36</sub>Ar] || 0,3365 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Ar-36 <sup>36</sup>Ar] || 0,3365 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Ar-38 <sub>38</sub>Ar] || 0,0632 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Ar-38 <sup>38</sup>Ar] || 0,0632 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Ar-40 <sub>40</sub>Ar] || 99,6003 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Ar-40 <sup>40</sup>Ar] || 99,6003 % || stabil ||
   |-
   |}
@@ Zeile 209: / Zeile 216: @@
 ! Isotop !! natürliche Häufigkeit !! [[Halbwertszeit]] !! Herkunft, techn. Bedeutung
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=K-39 <sub>39</sub>K] || 93,2581 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=K-39 <sup>39</sup>K] || 93,2581 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=K-40 <sub>40</sub>K] || 0,0117 % || 1,27 Milliarden Jahre || [[radioaktiv]], Erdkruste
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=K-40 <sup>40</sup>K] || 0,0117 % || 1,27 Milliarden Jahre || [[radioaktiv]], Erdkruste
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=K-41 <sub>41</sub>K] || 6,7302 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=K-41 <sup>41</sup>K] || 6,7302 % || stabil ||
   |-
   |}
@@ Zeile 221: / Zeile 228: @@
 ! Isotop !! natürliche Häufigkeit !! [[Halbwertszeit]] !! Herkunft, techn. Bedeutung
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Ca-40 <sub>40</sub>Ca] || 96,941 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Ca-40 <sup>40</sup>Ca] || 96,941 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Ca-42 <sub>42</sub>Ca] || 0,647 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Ca-42 <sup>42</sup>Ca] || 0,647 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Ca-43 <sub>43</sub>Ca] || 0,135 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Ca-43 <sup>43</sup>Ca] || 0,135 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Ca-44 <sub>44</sub>Ca] || 2,086 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Ca-44 <sup>44</sup>Ca] || 2,086 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Ca-46 <sub>46</sub>Ca] || 0,004 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Ca-46 <sup>46</sup>Ca] || 0,004 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Ca-48 <sub>48</sub>Ca] || 0,187 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Ca-48 <sup>48</sup>Ca] || 0,187 % || stabil ||
   |-
   |}
@@ Zeile 239: / Zeile 246: @@
 ! Isotop !! natürliche Häufigkeit !! [[Halbwertszeit]] !! Herkunft, techn. Bedeutung
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Sc-45 <sub>45</sub>Sc] || 100 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Sc-45 <sup>45</sup>Sc] || 100 % || stabil ||
   |-
   |}
@@ Zeile 247: / Zeile 254: @@
 ! Isotop !! natürliche Häufigkeit !! [[Halbwertszeit]] !! Herkunft, techn. Bedeutung
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Ti-46 <sub>46</sub>Ti] || 8,25 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Ti-46 <sup>46</sup>Ti] || 8,25 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Ti-47 <sub>47</sub>Ti] || 7,44 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Ti-47 <sup>47</sup>Ti] || 7,44 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Ti-48 <sub>48</sub>Ti] || 73,72 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Ti-48 <sup>48</sup>Ti] || 73,72 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Ti-49 <sub>49</sub>Ti] || 5,41 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Ti-49 <sup>49</sup>Ti] || 5,41 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Ti-50 <sub>50</sub>Ti] || 5,18 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Ti-50 <sup>50</sup>Ti] || 5,18 % || stabil ||
   |-
   |}
@@ Zeile 263: / Zeile 270: @@
 ! Isotop !! natürliche Häufigkeit !! [[Halbwertszeit]] !! Herkunft, techn. Bedeutung
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=V-50 <sub>50</sub>V] || 0,25 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=V-50 <sup>50</sup>V] || 0,25 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=V-51 <sub>51</sub>V] || 99,75 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=V-51 <sup>51</sup>V] || 99,75 % || stabil ||
   |-
   |}
@@ Zeile 273: / Zeile 280: @@
 ! Isotop !! natürliche Häufigkeit !! [[Halbwertszeit]] !! Herkunft, techn. Bedeutung
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Cr-50 <sub>50</sub>Cr] || 4,345 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Cr-50 <sup>50</sup>Cr] || 4,345 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Cr-52 <sub>52</sub>Cr] || 83,789 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Cr-52 <sup>52</sup>Cr] || 83,789 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Cr-53 <sub>53</sub>Cr] || 9,501 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Cr-53 <sup>53</sup>Cr] || 9,501 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Cr-54 <sub>54</sub>Cr] || 2,365 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Cr-54 <sup>54</sup>Cr] || 2,365 % || stabil ||
   |-
   |}
@@ Zeile 287: / Zeile 294: @@
 ! Isotop !! natürliche Häufigkeit !! [[Halbwertszeit]] !! Herkunft, techn. Bedeutung
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Mn-55 <sub>55</sub>Mn] || 100 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Mn-55 <sup>55</sup>Mn] || 100 % || stabil ||
   |-
   |}
@@ Zeile 295: / Zeile 302: @@
 ! Isotop !! natürliche Häufigkeit !! [[Halbwertszeit]] !! Herkunft, techn. Bedeutung
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Fe-54 <sub>54</sub>Fe] || 5,845 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Fe-54 <sup>54</sup>Fe] || 5,845 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Fe-56 <sub>56</sub>Fe] || 91,754 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Fe-56 <sup>56</sup>Fe] || 91,754 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Fe-57 <sub>57</sub>Fe] || 2,119 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Fe-57 <sup>57</sup>Fe] || 2,119 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Fe-58 <sub>58</sub>Fe] || 0,282 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Fe-58 <sup>58</sup>Fe] || 0,282 % || stabil ||
   |-
   |}
@@ Zeile 309: / Zeile 316: @@
 ! Isotop !! natürliche Häufigkeit !! [[Halbwertszeit]] !! Herkunft, techn. Bedeutung
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Co-59 <sub>59</sub>Co] || 100 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Co-59 <sup>59</sup>Co] || 100 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Co-60 <sub>60</sub>Co] || - % || 5,3 Jahre || [[radioaktiv]], Medizin, Kerntechnik
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Co-60 <sup>60</sup>Co] || - % || 5,3 Jahre || [[radioaktiv]], Medizin (Bestrahlung von Krebszellen), Kerntechnik
   |-
   |}
 * [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Co alle bekannten Cobalt-Isotope]
 === [[Nickel]] ===
 {| {{tabelle}}
 ! Isotop !! natürliche Häufigkeit !! [[Halbwertszeit]] !! Herkunft, techn. Bedeutung
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Ni-58 <sub>58</sub>Ni] || 68,0769 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Ni-58 <sup>58</sup>Ni] || 68,0769 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Ni-60 <sub>60</sub>Ni] || 26,2231 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Ni-60 <sup>60</sup>Ni] || 26,2231 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Ni-61 <sub>61</sub>Ni] || 1,1399 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Ni-61 <sup>61</sup>Ni] || 1,1399 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Ni-62 <sub>62</sub>Ni] || 3,6345 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Ni-62 <sup>62</sup>Ni] || 3,6345 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Ni-64 <sub>64</sub>Ni] || 0,9256 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Ni-64 <sup>64</sup>Ni] || 0,9256 % || stabil ||
   |-
   |}
@@ Zeile 335: / Zeile 343: @@
 ! Isotop !! natürliche Häufigkeit !! [[Halbwertszeit]] !! Herkunft, techn. Bedeutung
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Cu-63 <sub>63</sub>Cu] || 69,17 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Cu-63 <sup>63</sup>Cu] || 69,17 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Cu-65 <sub>65</sub>Cu] || 30,83 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Cu-65 <sup>65</sup>Cu] || 30,83 % || stabil ||
   |-
   |}
@@ Zeile 345: / Zeile 353: @@
 ! Isotop !! natürliche Häufigkeit !! [[Halbwertszeit]] !! Herkunft, techn. Bedeutung
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Zn-64 <sub>64</sub>Zn] || 48,63 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Zn-64 <sup>64</sup>Zn] || 48,63 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Zn-66 <sub>66</sub>Zn] || 27,9 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Zn-66 <sup>66</sup>Zn] || 27,9 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Zn-67 <sub>67</sub>Zn] || 4,1 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Zn-67 <sup>67</sup>Zn] || 4,1 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Zn-68 <sub>68</sub>Zn] || 18,75 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Zn-68 <sup>68</sup>Zn] || 18,75 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Zn-70 <sub>70</sub>Zn] || 0,62 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Zn-70 <sup>70</sup>Zn] || 0,62 % || stabil ||
   |-
   |}
@@ Zeile 361: / Zeile 369: @@
 ! Isotop !! natürliche Häufigkeit !! [[Halbwertszeit]] !! Herkunft, techn. Bedeutung
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Ga-69 <sub>69</sub>Ga] || 60,108 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Ga-69 <sup>69</sup>Ga] || 60,108 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Ga-71 <sub>71</sub>Ga] || 39,892 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Ga-71 <sup>71</sup>Ga] || 39,892 % || stabil ||
   |-
   |}
@@ Zeile 371: / Zeile 379: @@
 ! Isotop !! natürliche Häufigkeit !! [[Halbwertszeit]] !! Herkunft, techn. Bedeutung
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Ge-70 <sub>70</sub>Ge] || 20,84 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Ge-70 <sup>70</sup>Ge] || 20,84 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Ge-72 <sub>72</sub>Ge] || 27,54 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Ge-72 <sup>72</sup>Ge] || 27,54 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Ge-73 <sub>73</sub>Ge] || 7,73 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Ge-73 <sup>73</sup>Ge] || 7,73 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Ge-74 <sub>74</sub>Ge] || 36,28 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Ge-74 <sup>74</sup>Ge] || 36,28 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Ge-76 <sub>76</sub>Ge] || 7,61 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Ge-76 <sup>76</sup>Ge] || 7,61 % || stabil ||
   |-
   |}
@@ Zeile 387: / Zeile 395: @@
 ! Isotop !! natürliche Häufigkeit !! [[Halbwertszeit]] !! Herkunft, techn. Bedeutung
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=As-75 <sub>75</sub>As] || 100 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=As-75 <sup>75</sup>As] || 100 % || stabil ||
   |-
   |}
@@ Zeile 395: / Zeile 403: @@
 ! Isotop !! natürliche Häufigkeit !! [[Halbwertszeit]] !! Herkunft, techn. Bedeutung
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Se-74 <sub>74</sub>Se] || 0,89 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Se-74 <sup>74</sup>Se] || 0,89 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Se-76 <sub>76</sub>Se] || 9,37 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Se-76 <sup>76</sup>Se] || 9,37 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Se-77 <sub>77</sub>Se] || 7,63 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Se-77 <sup>77</sup>Se] || 7,63 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Se-78 <sub>78</sub>Se] || 23,77 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Se-78 <sup>78</sup>Se] || 23,77 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Se-80 <sub>80</sub>Se] || 49,61 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Se-80 <sup>80</sup>Se] || 49,61 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Se-82 <sub>82</sub>Se] || 8,73 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Se-82 <sup>82</sup>Se] || 8,73 % || stabil ||
   |-
   |}
@@ Zeile 413: / Zeile 421: @@
 ! Isotop !! natürliche Häufigkeit !! [[Halbwertszeit]] !! Herkunft, techn. Bedeutung
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Br-79 <sub>79</sub>Br] || 50,69 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Br-79 <sup>79</sup>Br] || 50,69 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Br-81 <sub>81</sub>Br] || 49,31 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Br-81 <sup>81</sup>Br] || 49,31 % || stabil ||
   |-
   |}
@@ Zeile 423: / Zeile 431: @@
 ! Isotop !! natürliche Häufigkeit !! [[Halbwertszeit]] !! Herkunft, techn. Bedeutung
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Kr-78 <sub>78</sub>Kr] || 0,35 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Kr-78 <sup>78</sup>Kr] || 0,35 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Kr-80 <sub>80</sub>Kr] || 2,28 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Kr-80 <sup>80</sup>Kr] || 2,28 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Kr-82 <sub>82</sub>Kr] || 11,58 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Kr-82 <sup>82</sup>Kr] || 11,58 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Kr-83 <sub>83</sub>Kr] || 11,49 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Kr-83 <sup>83</sup>Kr] || 11,49 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Kr-84 <sub>84</sub>Kr] || 57 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Kr-84 <sup>84</sup>Kr] || 57 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Kr-86 <sub>86</sub>Kr] || 17,3 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Kr-86 <sup>86</sup>Kr] || 17,3 % || stabil ||
   |-
   |}
@@ Zeile 441: / Zeile 449: @@
 ! Isotop !! natürliche Häufigkeit !! [[Halbwertszeit]] !! Herkunft, techn. Bedeutung
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Rb-85 <sub>85</sub>Rb] || 72,17 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Rb-85 <sup>85</sup>Rb] || 72,17 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Rb-87 <sub>87</sub>Rb] || 27,83 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Rb-87 <sup>87</sup>Rb] || 27,83 % || stabil ||
   |-
   |}
@@ Zeile 451: / Zeile 459: @@
 ! Isotop !! natürliche Häufigkeit !! [[Halbwertszeit]] !! Herkunft, techn. Bedeutung
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Sr-84 <sub>84</sub>Sr] || 0,56 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Sr-84 <sup>84</sup>Sr] || 0,56 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Sr-86 <sub>86</sub>Sr] || 9,86 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Sr-86 <sup>86</sup>Sr] || 9,86 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Sr-87 <sub>87</sub>Sr] || 7 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Sr-87 <sup>87</sup>Sr] || 7 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Sr-88 <sub>88</sub>Sr] || 82,58 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Sr-88 <sup>88</sup>Sr] || 82,58 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Sr-90 <sub>90</sub>Sr] || - % || 28,5 Jahre || [[radioaktiv]], Kernwaffenfallout, Kerntechnik, Medizin
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Sr-90 <sup>90</sup>Sr] || - % || 28,5 Jahre || [[radioaktiv]], Kernwaffenfallout, Kerntechnik, Medizin
   |-
   |}
@@ Zeile 467: / Zeile 475: @@
 ! Isotop !! natürliche Häufigkeit !! [[Halbwertszeit]] !! Herkunft, techn. Bedeutung
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Y-89 <sub>89</sub>Y] || 100 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Y-89 <sup>89</sup>Y] || 100 % || stabil ||
   |-
   |}
@@ Zeile 475: / Zeile 483: @@
 ! Isotop !! natürliche Häufigkeit !! [[Halbwertszeit]] !! Herkunft, techn. Bedeutung
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Zr-90 <sub>90</sub>Zr] || 51,45 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Zr-90 <sup>90</sup>Zr] || 51,45 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Zr-91 <sub>91</sub>Zr] || 11,22 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Zr-91 <sup>91</sup>Zr] || 11,22 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Zr-92 <sub>92</sub>Zr] || 17,15 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Zr-92 <sup>92</sup>Zr] || 17,15 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Zr-94 <sub>94</sub>Zr] || 17,38 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Zr-94 <sup>94</sup>Zr] || 17,38 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Zr-96 <sub>96</sub>Zr] || 2,8 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Zr-96 <sup>96</sup>Zr] || 2,8 % || stabil ||
   |-
   |}
@@ Zeile 491: / Zeile 499: @@
 ! Isotop !! natürliche Häufigkeit !! [[Halbwertszeit]] !! Herkunft, techn. Bedeutung
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Nb-93 <sub>93</sub>Nb] || 100 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Nb-93 <sup>93</sup>Nb] || 100 % || stabil ||
   |-
   |}
@@ Zeile 499: / Zeile 507: @@
 ! Isotop !! natürliche Häufigkeit !! [[Halbwertszeit]] !! Herkunft, techn. Bedeutung
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Mo-92 <sub>92</sub>Mo] || 14,84 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Mo-92 <sup>92</sup>Mo] || 14,84 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Mo-94 <sub>94</sub>Mo] || 9,25 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Mo-94 <sup>94</sup>Mo] || 9,25 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Mo-95 <sub>95</sub>Mo] || 15,92 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Mo-95 <sup>95</sup>Mo] || 15,92 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Mo-96 <sub>96</sub>Mo] || 16,68 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Mo-96 <sup>96</sup>Mo] || 16,68 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Mo-97 <sub>97</sub>Mo] || 9,55 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Mo-97 <sup>97</sup>Mo] || 9,55 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Mo-98 <sub>98</sub>Mo] || 24,13 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Mo-98 <sup>98</sup>Mo] || 24,13 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Mo-100 <sub>100</sub>Mo] || 9,63 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Mo-100 <sup>100</sup>Mo] || 9,63 % || stabil ||
   |-
   |}
@@ Zeile 519: / Zeile 527: @@
 ! Isotop !! natürliche Häufigkeit !! [[Halbwertszeit]] !! Herkunft, techn. Bedeutung
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Tc-98 <sub>98</sub>Tc] || - % || 6,6 Millionen Jahre || [[radioaktiv]]
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Tc-98 <sup>98</sup>Tc] || - % || 6,6 Millionen Jahre || [[radioaktiv]]
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Tc-99m <sub>99m</sub>Tc] || - % || 6,0 Stunden || [[radioaktiv]], Nuklearmedizin
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Tc-99m <sup>99m</sup>Tc] || - % || 6,0 Stunden || [[radioaktiv]], Nuklearmedizin
   |-
   |}
@@ Zeile 529: / Zeile 537: @@
 ! Isotop !! natürliche Häufigkeit !! [[Halbwertszeit]] !! Herkunft, techn. Bedeutung
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Ru-96 <sub>96</sub>Ru] || 5,54 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Ru-96 <sup>96</sup>Ru] || 5,54 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Ru-98 <sub>98</sub>Ru] || 1,87 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Ru-98 <sup>98</sup>Ru] || 1,87 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Ru-99 <sub>99</sub>Ru] || 12,76 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Ru-99 <sup>99</sup>Ru] || 12,76 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Ru-100 <sub>100</sub>Ru] || 12,6 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Ru-100 <sup>100</sup>Ru] || 12,6 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Ru-101 <sub>101</sub>Ru] || 17,06 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Ru-101 <sup>101</sup>Ru] || 17,06 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Ru-102 <sub>102</sub>Ru] || 31,55 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Ru-102 <sup>102</sup>Ru] || 31,55 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Ru-104 <sub>104</sub>Ru] || 18,62 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Ru-104 <sup>104</sup>Ru] || 18,62 % || stabil ||
   |-
   |}
@@ Zeile 549: / Zeile 557: @@
 ! Isotop !! natürliche Häufigkeit !! [[Halbwertszeit]] !! Herkunft, techn. Bedeutung
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Rh-103 <sub>103</sub>Rh] || 100 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Rh-103 <sup>103</sup>Rh] || 100 % || stabil ||
   |-
   |}
@@ Zeile 557: / Zeile 565: @@
 ! Isotop !! natürliche Häufigkeit !! [[Halbwertszeit]] !! Herkunft, techn. Bedeutung
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Pd-102 <sub>102</sub>Pd] || 1,02 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Pd-102 <sup>102</sup>Pd] || 1,02 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Pd-104 <sub>104</sub>Pd] || 11,14 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Pd-104 <sup>104</sup>Pd] || 11,14 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Pd-105 <sub>105</sub>Pd] || 22,33 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Pd-105 <sup>105</sup>Pd] || 22,33 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Pd-106 <sub>106</sub>Pd] || 27,33 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Pd-106 <sup>106</sup>Pd] || 27,33 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Pd-108 <sub>108</sub>Pd] || 26,46 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Pd-108 <sup>108</sup>Pd] || 26,46 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Pd-110 <sub>110</sub>Pd] || 11,72 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Pd-110 <sup>110</sup>Pd] || 11,72 % || stabil ||
   |-
   |}
@@ Zeile 575: / Zeile 583: @@
 ! Isotop !! natürliche Häufigkeit !! [[Halbwertszeit]] !! Herkunft, techn. Bedeutung
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Ag-107 <sub>107</sub>Ag] || 51,839 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Ag-107 <sup>107</sup>Ag] || 51,839 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Ag-109 <sub>109</sub>Ag] || 48,161 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Ag-109 <sup>109</sup>Ag] || 48,161 % || stabil ||
   |-
   |}
@@ Zeile 585: / Zeile 593: @@
 ! Isotop !! natürliche Häufigkeit !! [[Halbwertszeit]] !! Herkunft, techn. Bedeutung
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Cd-106 <sub>106</sub>Cd] || 1,25 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Cd-106 <sup>106</sup>Cd] || 1,25 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Cd-108 <sub>108</sub>Cd] || 0,89 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Cd-108 <sup>108</sup>Cd] || 0,89 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Cd-110 <sub>110</sub>Cd] || 12,49 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Cd-110 <sup>110</sup>Cd] || 12,49 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Cd-111 <sub>111</sub>Cd] || 12,8 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Cd-111 <sup>111</sup>Cd] || 12,8 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Cd-112 <sub>112</sub>Cd] || 24,13 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Cd-112 <sup>112</sup>Cd] || 24,13 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Cd-113 <sub>113</sub>Cd] || 12,22 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Cd-113 <sup>113</sup>Cd] || 12,22 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Cd-114 <sub>114</sub>Cd] || 28,73 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Cd-114 <sup>114</sup>Cd] || 28,73 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Cd-116 <sub>116</sub>Cd] || 7,49 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Cd-116 <sup>116</sup>Cd] || 7,49 % || stabil ||
   |-
   |}
@@ Zeile 607: / Zeile 615: @@
 ! Isotop !! natürliche Häufigkeit !! [[Halbwertszeit]] !! Herkunft, techn. Bedeutung
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=In-113 <sub>113</sub>In] || 4,29 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=In-113 <sup>113</sup>In] || 4,29 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=In-115 <sub>115</sub>In] || 95,71 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=In-115 <sup>115</sup>In] || 95,71 % || stabil ||
   |-
   |}
@@ Zeile 617: / Zeile 625: @@
 ! Isotop !! natürliche Häufigkeit !! [[Halbwertszeit]] !! Herkunft, techn. Bedeutung
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Sn-112 <sub>112</sub>Sn] || 0,97 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Sn-112 <sup>112</sup>Sn] || 0,97 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Sn-114 <sub>114</sub>Sn] || 0,66 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Sn-114 <sup>114</sup>Sn] || 0,66 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Sn-115 <sub>115</sub>Sn] || 0,34 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Sn-115 <sup>115</sup>Sn] || 0,34 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Sn-116 <sub>116</sub>Sn] || 14,54 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Sn-116 <sup>116</sup>Sn] || 14,54 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Sn-117 <sub>117</sub>Sn] || 7,68 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Sn-117 <sup>117</sup>Sn] || 7,68 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Sn-118 <sub>118</sub>Sn] || 24,22 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Sn-118 <sup>118</sup>Sn] || 24,22 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Sn-119 <sub>119</sub>Sn] || 8,59 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Sn-119 <sup>119</sup>Sn] || 8,59 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Sn-120 <sub>120</sub>Sn] || 32,58 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Sn-120 <sup>120</sup>Sn] || 32,58 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Sn-122 <sub>122</sub>Sn] || 4,63 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Sn-122 <sup>122</sup>Sn] || 4,63 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Sn-124 <sub>124</sub>Sn] || 5,79 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Sn-124 <sup>124</sup>Sn] || 5,79 % || stabil ||
   |-
   |}
@@ Zeile 643: / Zeile 651: @@
 ! Isotop !! natürliche Häufigkeit !! [[Halbwertszeit]] !! Herkunft, techn. Bedeutung
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Sb-121 <sub>121</sub>Sb] || 57,21 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Sb-121 <sup>121</sup>Sb] || 57,21 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Sb-123 <sub>123</sub>Sb] || 42,79 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Sb-123 <sup>123</sup>Sb] || 42,79 % || stabil ||
   |-
   |}
@@ Zeile 653: / Zeile 661: @@
 ! Isotop !! natürliche Häufigkeit !! [[Halbwertszeit]] !! Herkunft, techn. Bedeutung
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Te-120 <sub>120</sub>Te] || 0,09 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Te-120 <sup>120</sup>Te] || 0,09 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Te-122 <sub>122</sub>Te] || 2,55 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Te-122 <sup>122</sup>Te] || 2,55 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Te-123 <sub>123</sub>Te] || 0,89 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Te-123 <sup>123</sup>Te] || 0,89 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Te-124 <sub>124</sub>Te] || 4,74 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Te-124 <sup>124</sup>Te] || 4,74 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Te-125 <sub>125</sub>Te] || 7,07 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Te-125 <sup>125</sup>Te] || 7,07 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Te-126 <sub>126</sub>Te] || 18,84 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Te-126 <sup>126</sup>Te] || 18,84 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Te-128 <sub>128</sub>Te] || 31,74 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Te-128 <sup>128</sup>Te] || 31,74 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Te-130 <sub>130</sub>Te] || 34,08 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Te-130 <sup>130</sup>Te] || 34,08 % || stabil ||
   |-
   |}
@@ Zeile 675: / Zeile 683: @@
 ! Isotop !! natürliche Häufigkeit !! [[Halbwertszeit]] !! Herkunft, techn. Bedeutung
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=I-125 <sub>125</sub>I] || - % || 60 Tage || [[radioaktiv]], Medizin
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=I-125 <sup>125</sup>I] || - % || 60 Tage || [[radioaktiv]], Medizin
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=I-127 <sub>127</sub>I] || 100 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=I-127 <sup>127</sup>I] || 100 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=I-131 <sub>131</sub>I] || - % || 8 Tage || [[radioaktiv]], Medizin, Kerntechnik
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=I-131 <sup>131</sup>I] || - % || 8 Tage || [[radioaktiv]], Medizin, Kerntechnik, s. [http://www2.chemie.uni-erlangen.de/projects/vsc/chemie-mediziner-neu/atombau/schilddruese.html#Radiojodtest Radiojodtest bzw. Radiojodtherapie]
   |-
   |}
 * [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=I alle bekannten Iod-Isotope]
 === [[Xenon]] ===
 {| {{tabelle}}
 ! Isotop !! natürliche Häufigkeit !! [[Halbwertszeit]] !! Herkunft, techn. Bedeutung
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Xe-124 <sub>124</sub>Xe] || 0,09 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Xe-124 <sup>124</sup>Xe] || 0,09 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Xe-126 <sub>126</sub>Xe] || 0,09 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Xe-126 <sup>126</sup>Xe] || 0,09 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Xe-128 <sub>128</sub>Xe] || 1,92 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Xe-128 <sup>128</sup>Xe] || 1,92 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Xe-129 <sub>129</sub>Xe] || 26,44 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Xe-129 <sup>129</sup>Xe] || 26,44 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Xe-130 <sub>130</sub>Xe] || 4,08 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Xe-130 <sup>130</sup>Xe] || 4,08 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Xe-131 <sub>131</sub>Xe] || 21,18 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Xe-131 <sup>131</sup>Xe] || 21,18 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Xe-132 <sub>132</sub>Xe] || 26,89 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Xe-132 <sup>132</sup>Xe] || 26,89 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Xe-134 <sub>134</sub>Xe] || 10,44 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Xe-134 <sup>134</sup>Xe] || 10,44 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Xe-136 <sub>136</sub>Xe] || 8,87 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Xe-136 <sup>136</sup>Xe] || 8,87 % || stabil ||
   |-
   |}
@@ Zeile 711: / Zeile 720: @@
 ! Isotop !! natürliche Häufigkeit !! [[Halbwertszeit]] !! Herkunft, techn. Bedeutung
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Cs-133 <sub>133</sub>Cs] || 100 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Cs-133 <sup>133</sup>Cs] || 100 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Cs-134 <sub>134</sub>Cs] || - % || 2 Jahre || [[radioaktiv]], Kerntechnik, Tschernobyl
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Cs-134 <sup>134</sup>Cs] || - % || 2 Jahre || [[radioaktiv]], Kerntechnik, [[Tschernobyl]]
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Cs-137 <sub>137</sub>Cs] || - % || 30 Jahre || [[radioaktiv]], Kernwaffenfallout, Tschernobyl, Kerntechnik, Medizin
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Cs-137 <sup>137</sup>Cs] || - % || 30 Jahre || [[radioaktiv]], Kernwaffenfallout, [[Tschernobyl]], Kerntechnik, Medizin
   |-
   |}
@@ Zeile 723: / Zeile 732: @@
 ! Isotop !! natürliche Häufigkeit !! [[Halbwertszeit]] !! Herkunft, techn. Bedeutung
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Ba-130 <sub>130</sub>Ba] || 0,106 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Ba-130 <sup>130</sup>Ba] || 0,106 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Ba-132 <sub>132</sub>Ba] || 0,101 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Ba-132 <sup>132</sup>Ba] || 0,101 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Ba-134 <sub>134</sub>Ba] || 2,417 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Ba-134 <sup>134</sup>Ba] || 2,417 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Ba-135 <sub>135</sub>Ba] || 6,592 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Ba-135 <sup>135</sup>Ba] || 6,592 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Ba-136 <sub>136</sub>Ba] || 7,854 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Ba-136 <sup>136</sup>Ba] || 7,854 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Ba-137 <sub>137</sub>Ba] || 11,232 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Ba-137 <sup>137</sup>Ba] || 11,232 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Ba-138 <sub>138</sub>Ba] || 71,698 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Ba-138 <sup>138</sup>Ba] || 71,698 % || stabil ||
   |-
   |}
@@ Zeile 743: / Zeile 752: @@
 ! Isotop !! natürliche Häufigkeit !! [[Halbwertszeit]] !! Herkunft, techn. Bedeutung
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=La-138 <sub>138</sub>La] || 0,09 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=La-138 <sup>138</sup>La] || 0,09 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=La-139 <sub>139</sub>La] || 99,91 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=La-139 <sup>139</sup>La] || 99,91 % || stabil ||
   |-
   |}
@@ Zeile 753: / Zeile 762: @@
 ! Isotop !! natürliche Häufigkeit !! [[Halbwertszeit]] !! Herkunft, techn. Bedeutung
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Ce-136 <sub>136</sub>Ce] || 0,185 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Ce-136 <sup>136</sup>Ce] || 0,185 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Ce-138 <sub>138</sub>Ce] || 0,251 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Ce-138 <sup>138</sup>Ce] || 0,251 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Ce-140 <sub>140</sub>Ce] || 88,45 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Ce-140 <sup>140</sup>Ce] || 88,45 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Ce-142 <sub>142</sub>Ce] || 11,114 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Ce-142 <sup>142</sup>Ce] || 11,114 % || stabil ||
   |-
   |}
@@ Zeile 767: / Zeile 776: @@
 ! Isotop !! natürliche Häufigkeit !! [[Halbwertszeit]] !! Herkunft, techn. Bedeutung
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Pr-141 <sub>141</sub>Pr] || 100 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Pr-141 <sup>141</sup>Pr] || 100 % || stabil ||
   |-
   |}
@@ Zeile 775: / Zeile 784: @@
 ! Isotop !! natürliche Häufigkeit !! [[Halbwertszeit]] !! Herkunft, techn. Bedeutung
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Nd-142 <sub>142</sub>Nd] || 27,2 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Nd-142 <sup>142</sup>Nd] || 27,2 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Nd-143 <sub>143</sub>Nd] || 12,2 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Nd-143 <sup>143</sup>Nd] || 12,2 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Nd-144 <sub>144</sub>Nd] || 23,8 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Nd-144 <sup>144</sup>Nd] || 23,8 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Nd-145 <sub>145</sub>Nd] || 8,3 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Nd-145 <sup>145</sup>Nd] || 8,3 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Nd-146 <sub>146</sub>Nd] || 17,2 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Nd-146 <sup>146</sup>Nd] || 17,2 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Nd-148 <sub>148</sub>Nd] || 5,7 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Nd-148 <sup>148</sup>Nd] || 5,7 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Nd-150 <sub>150</sub>Nd] || 5,6 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Nd-150 <sup>150</sup>Nd] || 5,6 % || stabil ||
   |-
   |}
@@ Zeile 795: / Zeile 804: @@
 ! Isotop !! natürliche Häufigkeit !! [[Halbwertszeit]] !! Herkunft, techn. Bedeutung
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Pm-147 <sub>147</sub>Pm] || - % || 2,6 Jahre || [[radioaktiv]], Leuchtfarben
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Pm-147 <sup>147</sup>Pm] || - % || 2,6 Jahre || [[radioaktiv]], Leuchtfarben
   |-
   |}
@@ Zeile 803: / Zeile 812: @@
 ! Isotop !! natürliche Häufigkeit !! [[Halbwertszeit]] !! Herkunft, techn. Bedeutung
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Sm-144 <sub>144</sub>Sm] || 3,07 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Sm-144 <sup>144</sup>Sm] || 3,07 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Sm-147 <sub>147</sub>Sm] || 14,99 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Sm-147 <sup>147</sup>Sm] || 14,99 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Sm-148 <sub>148</sub>Sm] || 11,24 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Sm-148 <sup>148</sup>Sm] || 11,24 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Sm-149 <sub>149</sub>Sm] || 13,82 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Sm-149 <sup>149</sup>Sm] || 13,82 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Sm-150 <sub>150</sub>Sm] || 7,38 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Sm-150 <sup>150</sup>Sm] || 7,38 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Sm-152 <sub>152</sub>Sm] || 26,75 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Sm-152 <sup>152</sup>Sm] || 26,75 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Sm-154 <sub>154</sub>Sm] || 22,75 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Sm-154 <sup>154</sup>Sm] || 22,75 % || stabil ||
   |-
   |}
@@ Zeile 823: / Zeile 832: @@
 ! Isotop !! natürliche Häufigkeit !! [[Halbwertszeit]] !! Herkunft, techn. Bedeutung
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Eu-151 <sub>151</sub>Eu] || 47,81 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Eu-151 <sup>151</sup>Eu] || 47,81 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Eu-153 <sub>153</sub>Eu] || 52,19 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Eu-153 <sup>153</sup>Eu] || 52,19 % || stabil ||
   |-
   |}
@@ Zeile 833: / Zeile 842: @@
 ! Isotop !! natürliche Häufigkeit !! [[Halbwertszeit]] !! Herkunft, techn. Bedeutung
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Gd-152 <sub>152</sub>Gd] || 0,2 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Gd-152 <sup>152</sup>Gd] || 0,2 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Gd-154 <sub>154</sub>Gd] || 2,18 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Gd-154 <sup>154</sup>Gd] || 2,18 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Gd-155 <sub>155</sub>Gd] || 14,8 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Gd-155 <sup>155</sup>Gd] || 14,8 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Gd-156 <sub>156</sub>Gd] || 20,47 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Gd-156 <sup>156</sup>Gd] || 20,47 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Gd-157 <sub>157</sub>Gd] || 15,65 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Gd-157 <sup>157</sup>Gd] || 15,65 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Gd-158 <sub>158</sub>Gd] || 24,84 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Gd-158 <sup>158</sup>Gd] || 24,84 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Gd-160 <sub>160</sub>Gd] || 21,86 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Gd-160 <sup>160</sup>Gd] || 21,86 % || stabil ||
   |-
   |}
@@ Zeile 853: / Zeile 862: @@
 ! Isotop !! natürliche Häufigkeit !! [[Halbwertszeit]] !! Herkunft, techn. Bedeutung
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Tb-159 <sub>159</sub>Tb] || 100 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Tb-159 <sup>159</sup>Tb] || 100 % || stabil ||
   |-
   |}
@@ Zeile 861: / Zeile 870: @@
 ! Isotop !! natürliche Häufigkeit !! [[Halbwertszeit]] !! Herkunft, techn. Bedeutung
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Dy-156 <sub>156</sub>Dy] || 0,06 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Dy-156 <sup>156</sup>Dy] || 0,06 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Dy-158 <sub>158</sub>Dy] || 0,1 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Dy-158 <sup>158</sup>Dy] || 0,1 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Dy-160 <sub>160</sub>Dy] || 2,34 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Dy-160 <sup>160</sup>Dy] || 2,34 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Dy-161 <sub>161</sub>Dy] || 18,91 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Dy-161 <sup>161</sup>Dy] || 18,91 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Dy-162 <sub>162</sub>Dy] || 25,51 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Dy-162 <sup>162</sup>Dy] || 25,51 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Dy-163 <sub>163</sub>Dy] || 24,9 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Dy-163 <sup>163</sup>Dy] || 24,9 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Dy-164 <sub>164</sub>Dy] || 28,18 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Dy-164 <sup>164</sup>Dy] || 28,18 % || stabil ||
   |-
   |}
@@ Zeile 881: / Zeile 890: @@
 ! Isotop !! natürliche Häufigkeit !! [[Halbwertszeit]] !! Herkunft, techn. Bedeutung
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Ho-165 <sub>165</sub>Ho] || 100 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Ho-165 <sup>165</sup>Ho] || 100 % || stabil ||
   |-
   |}
@@ Zeile 889: / Zeile 898: @@
 ! Isotop !! natürliche Häufigkeit !! [[Halbwertszeit]] !! Herkunft, techn. Bedeutung
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Er-162 <sub>162</sub>Er] || 0,14 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Er-162 <sup>162</sup>Er] || 0,14 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Er-164 <sub>164</sub>Er] || 1,61 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Er-164 <sup>164</sup>Er] || 1,61 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Er-166 <sub>166</sub>Er] || 33,61 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Er-166 <sup>166</sup>Er] || 33,61 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Er-167 <sub>167</sub>Er] || 22,93 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Er-167 <sup>167</sup>Er] || 22,93 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Er-168 <sub>168</sub>Er] || 26,78 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Er-168 <sup>168</sup>Er] || 26,78 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Er-170 <sub>170</sub>Er] || 14,93 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Er-170 <sup>170</sup>Er] || 14,93 % || stabil ||
   |-
   |}
@@ Zeile 907: / Zeile 916: @@
 ! Isotop !! natürliche Häufigkeit !! [[Halbwertszeit]] !! Herkunft, techn. Bedeutung
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Tm-169 <sub>169</sub>Tm] || 100 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Tm-169 <sup>169</sup>Tm] || 100 % || stabil ||
   |-
   |}
@@ Zeile 915: / Zeile 924: @@
 ! Isotop !! natürliche Häufigkeit !! [[Halbwertszeit]] !! Herkunft, techn. Bedeutung
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Yb-168 <sub>168</sub>Yb] || 0,13 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Yb-168 <sup>168</sup>Yb] || 0,13 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Yb-170 <sub>170</sub>Yb] || 3,04 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Yb-170 <sup>170</sup>Yb] || 3,04 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Yb-171 <sub>171</sub>Yb] || 14,28 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Yb-171 <sup>171</sup>Yb] || 14,28 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Yb-172 <sub>172</sub>Yb] || 21,83 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Yb-172 <sup>172</sup>Yb] || 21,83 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Yb-173 <sub>173</sub>Yb] || 16,13 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Yb-173 <sup>173</sup>Yb] || 16,13 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Yb-174 <sub>174</sub>Yb] || 31,83 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Yb-174 <sup>174</sup>Yb] || 31,83 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Yb-176 <sub>176</sub>Yb] || 12,76 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Yb-176 <sup>176</sup>Yb] || 12,76 % || stabil ||
   |-
   |}
@@ Zeile 935: / Zeile 944: @@
 ! Isotop !! natürliche Häufigkeit !! [[Halbwertszeit]] !! Herkunft, techn. Bedeutung
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Lu-175 <sub>175</sub>Lu] || 97,41 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Lu-175 <sup>175</sup>Lu] || 97,41 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Lu-176 <sub>176</sub>Lu] || 2,59 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Lu-176 <sup>176</sup>Lu] || 2,59 % || stabil ||
   |-
   |}
@@ Zeile 945: / Zeile 954: @@
 ! Isotop !! natürliche Häufigkeit !! [[Halbwertszeit]] !! Herkunft, techn. Bedeutung
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Hf-174 <sub>174</sub>Hf] || 0,16 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Hf-174 <sup>174</sup>Hf] || 0,16 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Hf-176 <sub>176</sub>Hf] || 5,26 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Hf-176 <sup>176</sup>Hf] || 5,26 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Hf-177 <sub>177</sub>Hf] || 18,6 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Hf-177 <sup>177</sup>Hf] || 18,6 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Hf-178 <sub>178</sub>Hf] || 27,28 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Hf-178 <sup>178</sup>Hf] || 27,28 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Hf-179 <sub>179</sub>Hf] || 13,62 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Hf-179 <sup>179</sup>Hf] || 13,62 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Hf-180 <sub>180</sub>Hf] || 35,08 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Hf-180 <sup>180</sup>Hf] || 35,08 % || stabil ||
   |-
   |}
@@ Zeile 963: / Zeile 972: @@
 ! Isotop !! natürliche Häufigkeit !! [[Halbwertszeit]] !! Herkunft, techn. Bedeutung
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Ta-180 <sub>180</sub>Ta] || 0,012 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Ta-180 <sup>180</sup>Ta] || 0,012 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Ta-181 <sub>181</sub>Ta] || 99,988 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Ta-181 <sup>181</sup>Ta] || 99,988 % || stabil ||
   |-
   |}
@@ Zeile 973: / Zeile 982: @@
 ! Isotop !! natürliche Häufigkeit !! [[Halbwertszeit]] !! Herkunft, techn. Bedeutung
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=W-180 <sub>180</sub>W] || 0,12 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=W-180 <sup>180</sup>W] || 0,12 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=W-182 <sub>182</sub>W] || 26,5 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=W-182 <sup>182</sup>W] || 26,5 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=W-183 <sub>183</sub>W] || 14,31 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=W-183 <sup>183</sup>W] || 14,31 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=W-184 <sub>184</sub>W] || 30,64 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=W-184 <sup>184</sup>W] || 30,64 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=W-186 <sub>186</sub>W] || 28,43 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=W-186 <sup>186</sup>W] || 28,43 % || stabil ||
   |-
   |}
@@ Zeile 989: / Zeile 998: @@
 ! Isotop !! natürliche Häufigkeit !! [[Halbwertszeit]] !! Herkunft, techn. Bedeutung
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Re-185 <sub>185</sub>Re] || 37,4 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Re-185 <sup>185</sup>Re] || 37,4 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Re-187 <sub>187</sub>Re] || 62,6 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Re-187 <sup>187</sup>Re] || 62,6 % || stabil ||
   |-
   |}
@@ Zeile 999: / Zeile 1.008: @@
 ! Isotop !! natürliche Häufigkeit !! [[Halbwertszeit]] !! Herkunft, techn. Bedeutung
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Os-184 <sub>184</sub>Os] || 0,02 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Os-184 <sup>184</sup>Os] || 0,02 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Os-186 <sub>186</sub>Os] || 1,59 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Os-186 <sup>186</sup>Os] || 1,59 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Os-187 <sub>187</sub>Os] || 1,96 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Os-187 <sup>187</sup>Os] || 1,96 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Os-188 <sub>188</sub>Os] || 13,24 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Os-188 <sup>188</sup>Os] || 13,24 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Os-189 <sub>189</sub>Os] || 16,15 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Os-189 <sup>189</sup>Os] || 16,15 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Os-190 <sub>190</sub>Os] || 26,26 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Os-190 <sup>190</sup>Os] || 26,26 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Os-192 <sub>192</sub>Os] || 40,78 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Os-192 <sup>192</sup>Os] || 40,78 % || stabil ||
   |-
   |}
@@ Zeile 1.019: / Zeile 1.028: @@
 ! Isotop !! natürliche Häufigkeit !! [[Halbwertszeit]] !! Herkunft, techn. Bedeutung
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Ir-191 <sub>191</sub>Ir] || 37,3 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Ir-191 <sup>191</sup>Ir] || 37,3 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Ir-192 <sub>192</sub>Ir] || - % || 74 Tage || [[radioaktiv]], Prüftechnik, Medizin
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Ir-192 <sup>192</sup>Ir] || - % || 74 Tage || [[radioaktiv]], Prüftechnik, Medizin
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Ir-193 <sub>193</sub>Ir] || 62,7 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Ir-193 <sup>193</sup>Ir] || 62,7 % || stabil ||
   |-
   |}
@@ Zeile 1.031: / Zeile 1.040: @@
 ! Isotop !! natürliche Häufigkeit !! [[Halbwertszeit]] !! Herkunft, techn. Bedeutung
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Pt-190 <sub>190</sub>Pt] || 0,014 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Pt-190 <sup>190</sup>Pt] || 0,014 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Pt-192 <sub>192</sub>Pt] || 0,782 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Pt-192 <sup>192</sup>Pt] || 0,782 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Pt-194 <sub>194</sub>Pt] || 32,967 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Pt-194 <sup>194</sup>Pt] || 32,967 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Pt-195 <sub>195</sub>Pt] || 33,832 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Pt-195 <sup>195</sup>Pt] || 33,832 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Pt-196 <sub>196</sub>Pt] || 25,242 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Pt-196 <sup>196</sup>Pt] || 25,242 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Pt-198 <sub>198</sub>Pt] || 7,163 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Pt-198 <sup>198</sup>Pt] || 7,163 % || stabil ||
   |-
   |}
@@ Zeile 1.049: / Zeile 1.058: @@
 ! Isotop !! natürliche Häufigkeit !! [[Halbwertszeit]] !! Herkunft, techn. Bedeutung
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Au-197 <sub>197</sub>Au] || 100 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Au-197 <sup>197</sup>Au] || 100 % || stabil ||
   |-
   |}
@@ Zeile 1.057: / Zeile 1.066: @@
 ! Isotop !! natürliche Häufigkeit !! [[Halbwertszeit]] !! Herkunft, techn. Bedeutung
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Hg-196 <sub>196</sub>Hg] || 0,15 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Hg-196 <sup>196</sup>Hg] || 0,15 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Hg-198 <sub>198</sub>Hg] || 9,97 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Hg-198 <sup>198</sup>Hg] || 9,97 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Hg-199 <sub>199</sub>Hg] || 16,87 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Hg-199 <sup>199</sup>Hg] || 16,87 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Hg-200 <sub>200</sub>Hg] || 23,1 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Hg-200 <sup>200</sup>Hg] || 23,1 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Hg-201 <sub>201</sub>Hg] || 13,18 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Hg-201 <sup>201</sup>Hg] || 13,18 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Hg-202 <sub>202</sub>Hg] || 29,86 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Hg-202 <sup>202</sup>Hg] || 29,86 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Hg-204 <sub>204</sub>Hg] || 6,87 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Hg-204 <sup>204</sup>Hg] || 6,87 % || stabil ||
   |-
   |}
@@ Zeile 1.077: / Zeile 1.086: @@
 ! Isotop !! natürliche Häufigkeit !! [[Halbwertszeit]] !! Herkunft, techn. Bedeutung
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Tl-203 <sub>203</sub>Tl] || 29,524 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Tl-203 <sup>203</sup>Tl] || 29,524 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Tl-205 <sub>205</sub>Tl] || 70,476 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Tl-205 <sup>205</sup>Tl] || 70,476 % || stabil ||
   |-
   |}
@@ Zeile 1.087: / Zeile 1.096: @@
 ! Isotop !! natürliche Häufigkeit !! [[Halbwertszeit]] !! Herkunft, techn. Bedeutung
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Pb-204 <sub>204</sub>Pb] || 1,4 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Pb-204 <sup>204</sup>Pb] || 1,4 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Pb-206 <sub>206</sub>Pb] || 24,1 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Pb-206 <sup>206</sup>Pb] || 24,1 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Pb-207 <sub>207</sub>Pb] || 22,1 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Pb-207 <sup>207</sup>Pb] || 22,1 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Pb-208 <sub>208</sub>Pb] || 52,4 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Pb-208 <sup>208</sup>Pb] || 52,4 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Pb-210 <sub>210</sub>Pb] || - % || 22,3 Jahre || [[radioaktiv]], Uran-Reihe, Erdboden
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Pb-210 <sup>210</sup>Pb] || - % || 22,3 Jahre || [[radioaktiv]], Uran-Reihe, Erdboden
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Pb-212 <sub>212</sub>Pb] || - % || 10,6 Stunden || [[radioaktiv]], Thorium-Reihe, Erdboden, Luft
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Pb-212 <sup>212</sup>Pb] || - % || 10,6 Stunden || [[radioaktiv]], Thorium-Reihe, Erdboden, Luft
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Pb-214 <sub>214</sub>Pb] || - % || 26,8 Minuten || [[radioaktiv]], Uran-Reihe, Erdboden, Luft
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Pb-214 <sup>214</sup>Pb] || - % || 26,8 Minuten || [[radioaktiv]], Uran-Reihe, Erdboden, Luft
   |-
   |}
@@ Zeile 1.107: / Zeile 1.116: @@
 ! Isotop !! natürliche Häufigkeit !! [[Halbwertszeit]] !! Herkunft, techn. Bedeutung
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Bi-209 <sub>209</sub>Bi] || 100 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Bi-209 <sup>209</sup>Bi] || 100 % || stabil ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Bi-214 <sub>214</sub>Bi] || - % || 19,8 Minuten || [[radioaktiv]], Uran-Reihe, Erdboden, Luft
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Bi-214 <sup>214</sup>Bi] || - % || 19,8 Minuten || [[radioaktiv]], Uran-Reihe, Erdboden, Luft
   |-
   |}
@@ Zeile 1.116: / Zeile 1.125: @@
 {| {{tabelle}}
 ! Isotop !! natürliche Häufigkeit !! [[Halbwertszeit]] !! Herkunft, techn. Bedeutung
+ |-
+ | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Po-210 <sup>210</sup>Po] || - % || 138,4 Tage
+|| [[radioaktiv]]
+* Polonium-210 wird eingesetzt, um effektiv die statische Aufladung in der Kunsstoffproduktion, früher z.B. bei Filmträgern und Schallplatten zu reduzieren.
+* Weniger als ein Mikrogramm Polonium könnte den Tod des russischen Journalisten Alexander Litvinenko verursacht haben, s. [http://www.chemie-im-alltag.de/articles/0089/index.html Polonium-210 - In tödlicher Mission von Prof. Oliver Reiser].
   |-
   |}
 * [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Po alle bekannten Polonium-Isotope]
 === [[Astat]] ===
 {| {{tabelle}}
@@ Zeile 1.129: / Zeile 1.144: @@
 ! Isotop !! natürliche Häufigkeit !! [[Halbwertszeit]] !! Herkunft, techn. Bedeutung
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Rn-220 <sub>220</sub>Rn] || 9 % || 55 Sek || [[radioaktiv]], Thorium-Reihe, Erdboden, Luft
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Rn-220 <sup>220</sup>Rn] || 9 % || 55 Sek || [[radioaktiv]], Thorium-Reihe, Erdboden, Luft
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Rn-222 <sub>222</sub>Rn] || 90 % || 3,82 Tage || [[radioaktiv]], Uran-Reihe, Erdboden, Luft
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Rn-222 <sup>222</sup>Rn] || 90 % || 3,82 Tage || [[radioaktiv]], Uran-Reihe, Erdboden, Luft
   |-
   |}
@@ Zeile 1.145: / Zeile 1.160: @@
 ! Isotop !! natürliche Häufigkeit !! [[Halbwertszeit]] !! Herkunft, techn. Bedeutung
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Ra-226 <sub>226</sub>Ra] || - % || 1600 Jahre || [[radioaktiv]], Uran-Reihe, Erdboden
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Ra-226 <sup>226</sup>Ra] || - % || 1600 Jahre || [[radioaktiv]], Uran-Reihe, Erdboden
   |-
   |}
@@ Zeile 1.159: / Zeile 1.174: @@
 ! Isotop !! natürliche Häufigkeit !! [[Halbwertszeit]] !! Herkunft, techn. Bedeutung
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Th-232 <sub>232</sub>Th] || ca. 100 % || 14 Milliarden Jahre || [[radioaktiv]], Erdkruste
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Th-232 <sup>232</sup>Th] || ca. 100 % || 14 Milliarden Jahre || [[radioaktiv]], Erdkruste
   |-
   |}
@@ Zeile 1.167: / Zeile 1.182: @@
 ! Isotop !! natürliche Häufigkeit !! [[Halbwertszeit]] !! Herkunft, techn. Bedeutung
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Pa-231 <sub>231</sub>Pa] || 100 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Pa-231 <sup>231</sup>Pa] || 100 % || stabil ||
   |-
   |}
@@ Zeile 1.175: / Zeile 1.190: @@
 ! Isotop !! natürliche Häufigkeit !! [[Halbwertszeit]] !! Herkunft, techn. Bedeutung
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=U-234 <sub>234</sub>U] || 0,0055 % || stabil ||
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=U-234 <sup>234</sup>U] || 0,0055 % || 245.500 Jahre ||
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=U-235 <sub>235</sub>U] || 0,72 % || 0,7 Milliarden Jahre || [[radioaktiv]], Erdkruste, Kernenergie, Atomwaffen
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=U-235 <sup>235</sup>U] || 0,72 % || 0,7 Milliarden Jahre || [[radioaktiv]], Erdkruste, Kernenergie, Atomwaffen
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=U-238 <sub>238</sub>U] || 99,2745 % || 4,5 Milliarden Jahre || [[radioaktiv]], Erdkruste, Kernenergie, Atomwaffen
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=U-238 <sup>238</sup>U] || 99,2745 % || 4,5 Milliarden Jahre || [[radioaktiv]], Erdkruste, Kernenergie, Atomwaffen
   |-
   |}
 * [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=U alle bekannten Uran-Isotope]
 === [[Neptunium]] ===
 {| {{tabelle}}
@@ Zeile 1.193: / Zeile 1.209: @@
 ! Isotop !! natürliche Häufigkeit !! [[Halbwertszeit]] !! Herkunft, techn. Bedeutung
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Pu-238 <sub>238</sub>Pu] || - % || 87,7 Jahre || [[radioaktiv]], Kerntechnik, Isotopenbatterien
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Pu-238 <sup>238</sup>Pu] || - % || 87,7 Jahre || [[radioaktiv]], Kerntechnik, Isotopenbatterien
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Pu-239 <sub>239</sub>Pu] || - % || 24110 Jahre || [[radioaktiv]], Kerntechnik, Kernwaffentechnik
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Pu-239 <sup>239</sup>Pu] || - % || 24110 Jahre || [[radioaktiv]], Kerntechnik, Kernwaffentechnik
   |-
   |}
@@ Zeile 1.203: / Zeile 1.219: @@
 ! Isotop !! natürliche Häufigkeit !! [[Halbwertszeit]] !! Herkunft, techn. Bedeutung
   |-
-  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Am-241 <sub>241</sub>Am] || - % || 433 Jahre || [[radioaktiv]], Kerntechnik, Brandmelder, Prüftechnik
+  | [http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Am-241 <sup>241</sup>Am] || - % || 433 Jahre || [[radioaktiv]], Kerntechnik, Brandmelder, Prüftechnik
   |-
   |}

Isotop	natürliche Häufigkeit	Halbwertszeit	Herkunft, techn. Bedeutung
¹H	99,9885 %	stabil
²H	0,0115 %	stabil	"D", "Deuterium"
³H	- %	12,3 Jahre	"T", "Tritium", radioaktiv, kosmogen, Kernwaffenfallout, Leuchtfarben, Kerntechnik

Isotop	natürliche Häufigkeit	Halbwertszeit	Herkunft, techn. Bedeutung
¹²C	98,93 %	stabil
¹³C	1,07 %	stabil
¹⁴C	- %	5.730 Jahre	radioaktiv, kosmogen, Kerntechnik, Medizin, Radiocarbonmethode

Isotop	natürliche Häufigkeit	Halbwertszeit
²⁸Si	92,2297 %	stabil
²⁹Si	4,6832 %	stabil
³⁰Si	3,0872 %	stabil

Isotop	natürliche Häufigkeit	Halbwertszeit
³²S	94,93 %	stabil
³³S	0,76 %	stabil
³⁴S	4,29 %	stabil
³⁶S	0,02 %	stabil

Isotop	natürliche Häufigkeit	Halbwertszeit
³⁶Ar	0,3365 %	stabil
³⁸Ar	0,0632 %	stabil
⁴⁰Ar	99,6003 %	stabil

Isotop	natürliche Häufigkeit	Halbwertszeit	Herkunft, techn. Bedeutung
³⁹K	93,2581 %	stabil
⁴⁰K	0,0117 %	1,27 Milliarden Jahre	radioaktiv, Erdkruste
⁴¹K	6,7302 %	stabil

Isotop	natürliche Häufigkeit	Halbwertszeit
⁴⁰Ca	96,941 %	stabil
⁴²Ca	0,647 %	stabil
⁴³Ca	0,135 %	stabil
⁴⁴Ca	2,086 %	stabil
⁴⁶Ca	0,004 %	stabil
⁴⁸Ca	0,187 %	stabil

Isotop	natürliche Häufigkeit	Halbwertszeit
⁴⁶Ti	8,25 %	stabil
⁴⁷Ti	7,44 %	stabil
⁴⁸Ti	73,72 %	stabil
⁴⁹Ti	5,41 %	stabil
⁵⁰Ti	5,18 %	stabil

Isotop	natürliche Häufigkeit	Halbwertszeit
⁵⁰Cr	4,345 %	stabil
⁵²Cr	83,789 %	stabil
⁵³Cr	9,501 %	stabil
⁵⁴Cr	2,365 %	stabil

Isotop	natürliche Häufigkeit	Halbwertszeit
⁵⁴Fe	5,845 %	stabil
⁵⁶Fe	91,754 %	stabil
⁵⁷Fe	2,119 %	stabil
⁵⁸Fe	0,282 %	stabil

Isotop	natürliche Häufigkeit	Halbwertszeit	Herkunft, techn. Bedeutung
⁵⁹Co	100 %	stabil
⁶⁰Co	- %	5,3 Jahre	radioaktiv, Medizin (Bestrahlung von Krebszellen), Kerntechnik

Isotop	natürliche Häufigkeit	Halbwertszeit
⁵⁸Ni	68,0769 %	stabil
⁶⁰Ni	26,2231 %	stabil
⁶¹Ni	1,1399 %	stabil
⁶²Ni	3,6345 %	stabil
⁶⁴Ni	0,9256 %	stabil

Isotop	natürliche Häufigkeit	Halbwertszeit
⁶⁴Zn	48,63 %	stabil
⁶⁶Zn	27,9 %	stabil
⁶⁷Zn	4,1 %	stabil
⁶⁸Zn	18,75 %	stabil
⁷⁰Zn	0,62 %	stabil

Isotop	natürliche Häufigkeit	Halbwertszeit
⁷⁰Ge	20,84 %	stabil
⁷²Ge	27,54 %	stabil
⁷³Ge	7,73 %	stabil
⁷⁴Ge	36,28 %	stabil
⁷⁶Ge	7,61 %	stabil

Isotop	natürliche Häufigkeit	Halbwertszeit
⁷⁴Se	0,89 %	stabil
⁷⁶Se	9,37 %	stabil
⁷⁷Se	7,63 %	stabil
⁷⁸Se	23,77 %	stabil
⁸⁰Se	49,61 %	stabil
⁸²Se	8,73 %	stabil

Isotop	natürliche Häufigkeit	Halbwertszeit
⁷⁸Kr	0,35 %	stabil
⁸⁰Kr	2,28 %	stabil
⁸²Kr	11,58 %	stabil
⁸³Kr	11,49 %	stabil
⁸⁴Kr	57 %	stabil
⁸⁶Kr	17,3 %	stabil

Isotop	natürliche Häufigkeit	Halbwertszeit	Herkunft, techn. Bedeutung
⁸⁴Sr	0,56 %	stabil
⁸⁶Sr	9,86 %	stabil
⁸⁷Sr	7 %	stabil
⁸⁸Sr	82,58 %	stabil
⁹⁰Sr	- %	28,5 Jahre	radioaktiv, Kernwaffenfallout, Kerntechnik, Medizin

Isotop	natürliche Häufigkeit	Halbwertszeit
⁹⁰Zr	51,45 %	stabil
⁹¹Zr	11,22 %	stabil
⁹²Zr	17,15 %	stabil
⁹⁴Zr	17,38 %	stabil
⁹⁶Zr	2,8 %	stabil

Isotop	natürliche Häufigkeit	Halbwertszeit
⁹²Mo	14,84 %	stabil
⁹⁴Mo	9,25 %	stabil
⁹⁵Mo	15,92 %	stabil
⁹⁶Mo	16,68 %	stabil
⁹⁷Mo	9,55 %	stabil
⁹⁸Mo	24,13 %	stabil
¹⁰⁰Mo	9,63 %	stabil

Isotope: Unterschied zwischen den Versionen

Aktuelle Version vom 28. September 2013, 22:50 Uhr

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Isotop	natürliche Häufigkeit	Halbwertszeit	Herkunft, techn. Bedeutung
⁹⁸Tc	- %	6,6 Millionen Jahre	radioaktiv
^99mTc	- %	6,0 Stunden	radioaktiv, Nuklearmedizin

Isotop	natürliche Häufigkeit	Halbwertszeit
⁹⁶Ru	5,54 %	stabil
⁹⁸Ru	1,87 %	stabil
⁹⁹Ru	12,76 %	stabil
¹⁰⁰Ru	12,6 %	stabil
¹⁰¹Ru	17,06 %	stabil
¹⁰²Ru	31,55 %	stabil
¹⁰⁴Ru	18,62 %	stabil

Isotop	natürliche Häufigkeit	Halbwertszeit
¹⁰²Pd	1,02 %	stabil
¹⁰⁴Pd	11,14 %	stabil
¹⁰⁵Pd	22,33 %	stabil
¹⁰⁶Pd	27,33 %	stabil
¹⁰⁸Pd	26,46 %	stabil
¹¹⁰Pd	11,72 %	stabil

Isotop	natürliche Häufigkeit	Halbwertszeit
¹⁰⁶Cd	1,25 %	stabil
¹⁰⁸Cd	0,89 %	stabil
¹¹⁰Cd	12,49 %	stabil
¹¹¹Cd	12,8 %	stabil
¹¹²Cd	24,13 %	stabil
¹¹³Cd	12,22 %	stabil
¹¹⁴Cd	28,73 %	stabil
¹¹⁶Cd	7,49 %	stabil

Isotop	natürliche Häufigkeit	Halbwertszeit
¹¹²Sn	0,97 %	stabil
¹¹⁴Sn	0,66 %	stabil
¹¹⁵Sn	0,34 %	stabil
¹¹⁶Sn	14,54 %	stabil
¹¹⁷Sn	7,68 %	stabil
¹¹⁸Sn	24,22 %	stabil
¹¹⁹Sn	8,59 %	stabil
¹²⁰Sn	32,58 %	stabil
¹²²Sn	4,63 %	stabil
¹²⁴Sn	5,79 %	stabil

Isotop	natürliche Häufigkeit	Halbwertszeit
¹²⁰Te	0,09 %	stabil
¹²²Te	2,55 %	stabil
¹²³Te	0,89 %	stabil
¹²⁴Te	4,74 %	stabil
¹²⁵Te	7,07 %	stabil
¹²⁶Te	18,84 %	stabil
¹²⁸Te	31,74 %	stabil
¹³⁰Te	34,08 %	stabil

Isotop	natürliche Häufigkeit	Halbwertszeit	Herkunft, techn. Bedeutung
¹²⁵I	- %	60 Tage	radioaktiv, Medizin
¹²⁷I	100 %	stabil
¹³¹I	- %	8 Tage	radioaktiv, Medizin, Kerntechnik, s. Radiojodtest bzw. Radiojodtherapie

Isotop	natürliche Häufigkeit	Halbwertszeit
¹²⁴Xe	0,09 %	stabil
¹²⁶Xe	0,09 %	stabil
¹²⁸Xe	1,92 %	stabil
¹²⁹Xe	26,44 %	stabil
¹³⁰Xe	4,08 %	stabil
¹³¹Xe	21,18 %	stabil
¹³²Xe	26,89 %	stabil
¹³⁴Xe	10,44 %	stabil
¹³⁶Xe	8,87 %	stabil

Isotop	natürliche Häufigkeit	Halbwertszeit	Herkunft, techn. Bedeutung
¹³³Cs	100 %	stabil
¹³⁴Cs	- %	2 Jahre	radioaktiv, Kerntechnik, Tschernobyl
¹³⁷Cs	- %	30 Jahre	radioaktiv, Kernwaffenfallout, Tschernobyl, Kerntechnik, Medizin

Isotop	natürliche Häufigkeit	Halbwertszeit
¹³⁰Ba	0,106 %	stabil
¹³²Ba	0,101 %	stabil
¹³⁴Ba	2,417 %	stabil
¹³⁵Ba	6,592 %	stabil
¹³⁶Ba	7,854 %	stabil
¹³⁷Ba	11,232 %	stabil
¹³⁸Ba	71,698 %	stabil